التضليل الإعلامي في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وأثره لدى الجمهور العراقي

Abdulhameed, M. (2009). Blogs. Alternative media. Cairo: World of Books.

Al-Adawi, A. S., & Al-Deeb, M. (2023). The trends of the media elite towards media misinformation on social networking sites and its relationship to Metaverse applications. Egyptian Journal of Media Research, pp. 1061-1111. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsc.2023.324275.

Al-Madhoun, Y. I. (2021). Media education. Gaza: Samir Mansour Library for printing, publishing and distribution.

Al-Mashhadani, S. S. (2017). Media Research Methods. Dubai, UAE: Dar University Book for Printing and Publishing.

Al-Mashhadani, S. S. (2020). Media Research Methodology. Researcher's Guide to Writing University Theses. UAE: University Book House.

Al-Rubaie, B. H., & Noushi, Z. (n.d.). Methods of media misinformation and their impact on shaping public opinion: A field study on the public of Baghdad. College of Education for Women Journal, pp. 607-632. Retrieved from https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/244230

Al-Tai, D. (2011). Media misinformation from the news industry to the film industry. Damascus: Dar Al-Yanabi.

Awad, A. (2000). Media and opinion. Beirut: Bisan Publishing, Distribution and Media.

Burhan, S. (2003). Introduction to mass communication and its theories. Amman: Dar Al-Kindi.

Kilani, H. (2019). Media misinformation and its relationship to the negative effects of social networking. Egyptian Journal of Public Opinion Research, pp. 219-289. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21608/joa.2015.82863.

Mahdi, M. A. (2023). Circulating Rumors on Social Networking Sites and Their Repercussions on the Iraqi Public. Journal of Media Studies and Research, pp. 505-526.

Mareekh, A. K. (2018). Mass Media Communications Misdirecting in Broadcasting Information. ALBAHITH ALALAMI, pp. 107–130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33282/abaa.v10i40.47.

Murad, K. K. (2011). Introduction to public opinion. Amman: Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.

Nasr, S. (1967). Psychological Warfare. Cairo House for Printing and Publishing: Cairo.

Radi, W. F., & Al-Tamimi, M. (2017). New media, communication transformations and contemporary visions. Al Ain: University Book House.

Sadiq, A. (2008). New media: concepts, methods and applications. Cairo: Dar Al Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.

Salman, h. S. (2020). Photojournalism and digital terrorism. Aman: Dar Amjad for Publishing and Distribution.

Salman, H. S. (2022). The Role of the Lebanese Newspaper An-Nahar in Checking the Fake News: An Analytical Study. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 29(6), 343-362. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.6.2022.17.

Salman, H. S. (2023). The Role of (Verify-Sy Platform) in Detecting the Targets of Media Misinformation on Social Media Sites - An Analytical Study. Journal of Al-Farahidi's Arts, 2. Retrieved from: https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/299244.

Sheikhani., S. (2010). New media in the information age. Damascus University Journal, pp. 435-480. Retrieved from: https://www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/edu/images/stories/435-480.pdf.

Sumaisim, H. (2007). Psychological warfare theory. Cairo: Cultural Publishing House.

Tamash, L. K. (2015). The degree to which Jordanian public opinion is aware of media misinformation from the point of view of opinion leaders. Amman, Jordan: Middle East University.

Aya Salah Abdel Fattah Al-Adawi, and Marwa Muhammad Ghanem Al-Deeb. (7, 2023). The trends of the media elite towards media misinformation on social networking sites and its relationship to Metaverse applications. Egyptian Journal of Media Research, pages 1061-1111. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsc.2023.324275.

Bayrak Hussein Juma Al-Rubaie, and Zeina Saad Noushi. (2022). Methods of media misinformation and their impact on shaping public opinion: A field study on the public of Baghdad. College of Education for Women Journal, pages 607-632. Retrieved from: https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/244230.

Hamida Sumaisim. (2007). Psychological warfare theory. Cairo: Cultural Publishing House.

Hanan Kilani. (10, 2019). Media misinformation and its relationship to the negative effects of social networking. Egyptian Journal of Public Opinion Research, pages 219-289. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21608/joa.2015.82863.

Haneen Saad Salman. (2020). Photojournalism and digital terrorism. Amman: Dar Amjad for Publishing and Distribution.

Haneen Saad Salman. (2022). The role of the Lebanese newspaper An-Nahar in verifying fake news - an analytical study. Tikrit University Journal of Human Sciences, 29(6), pp. 343-362. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.6.2022.17.

Haneen Saad Salman. (11, 2023). The role of (Verify platform) in detecting the targets of media misinformation on social media sites - an analytical study. Al-Farahidi Adab Magazine, 2, pages 308-319. Retrieved from: https://2u.pw/rYZJ3RSh.

Dhiyab Al-Tai. (2011). Media misinformation from the news industry to the film industry. Damascus: Dar Al-Yanabi'.

Saad Salman Al-Mashhadani. (2017). Media research methods. Al Ain: University Book House.

Saad Salman Al-Mashhadani. (2020). Media research methodology. Al Ain: University Book House.

Saeed Atallah. (2019). What is Reddit? Retrieved from Arageek: https://bit.ly/487Ktox.

Samira Sheikhani. (2010). New media in the information age. Damascus University Journal, 29, pages 435-480. Retrieved from: https://www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/edu/images/stories/435-480.pdf.

Shawy Burhan. (2003). Introduction to mass communication and its theories. Amman: Dar Al-Kindi.

Salah Nasr. (1967). Psychological Warfare (Volume II). Cairo: Cairo House for Printing and Publishing.

Tariq Al-Shami. (1/5, 2022). How will misinformation on social media evolve in 2022? Retrieved from Independent Arabia: https://bit.ly/48bw372.

Abbas Sadiq. (2008). New media: concepts, methods and applications. Amman: Dar Al Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.

Abdul Hussein Kazem Marikh Al-Atwani. (2018). Media misinformation in broadcasting information. Media Researcher, pp. 107–130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33282/abaa.v10i40.47.

Ali Awad. (2000). Media and opinion. Beirut: Bisan Publishing, Distribution and Media.

Kamel Khorshid Murad. (2011). Introduction to public opinion. Amman: Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.

Lara Khaled Tamash. (2015). The degree to which Jordanian public opinion is aware of media misinformation from the point of view of opinion leaders. Amman, Amman, Jordan: Middle East University.

Mohammed Abdulhameed. (1997). Media theories and trends of influence. Cairo: World of Books.

Mohammed Abdulhameed. (2009). Blogs. Alternative media. Cairo: World of Books.

Muhammad Abboud Mahdi. (2023). The circulation of rumors on social networking sites and their repercussions on the Iraqi public. Journal of Media Studies and Research - Path, pages 505-526.

Wissam Fadel Radi, and Muhannad Hamid Al-Tamimi. (2017). New media, communication transformations and contemporary visions. Al Ain: University Book House.

Iraqi News Agency. (14 February 2023). The Digital Media Center reveals the numbers of users of social networking sites in Iraq. Retrieved date: November 11, 2023, from the Iraqi News Agency: https://www.ina.iq/178219--.html.

Yahya Ibrahim Al-Madhoun. (2021). Media education. Gaza: Samir Mansour Library for printing, publishing and distribution.