الملخص
لا يكاد نص أدبي يخلو من ذكر (الأنا) متحدثا أو موضوع حديث يشكل حضورا بارزا في الأدب العربي، فيعد ظاهرة تتطلب الاهتمام والدراسة، ومن الأدباء من يجعل النص الأدبي انعكاسا لما يمر أو يشعر به سواء لحظات فرح أو حزن.
والأنا من المفاهيم البارزة التي تبنى عليها شخصية الإنسان، ولها الدور في تكوين المجتمع والتواصل بين المجتمعات الإنسانية، وهي من أهم أحد العوامل المؤثرة في السلوك الاجتماعي للإنسان وتوجهه الفكري والثقافي. والأنا تدور في ثلاث محاور هي المحور النفسي والمحور الاجتماعي والمحور الثقافي، والمحور النفسي أبرز المحاور لبيان شخصية الإنسان وسلوكه ولها دور في تكوين المجتمع والتواصل بين المجتمعات الإنسانية، وتوجهه الفكري والثقافي.
وتعد الأنا في المجال الأدبي يكون لكل نص أناة الأدبية التي تحدد من خلال تفاعل مجموعة الضمائر، ويتشكل بذلك مفهوما كليا للأنا الأدبية داخل النص، ولا يوصف بضمير المتكلم والمخاطب والغائب، وإنما يوصف بكونه مجموعة الضمائر التي تنشد الوحدة.
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